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Very soon an universal drug to deal with all variety of cancerous tumors could be formulated. Scientists have claimed a breakthrough in turning a breast cancer to a medicine that treat all sorts of cancerous tumors. The focus is on cancer drug therapy based on class of pharmaceuticals known as PARP inhibitors. PARP stands for Poly ADP ribose polymerase is a protein molecule which plays an active function in a variety of cellular processes, DNA repair and programmed cell death. PARP inhibitors are particularly successful in treating hereditary breast cancers. PARP inhibitors have the ability to zero in on rouge cells and tumors and kill them selectively devoid of harming the nutritious cells. This also means that the side effects that is generally related with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is quite minimum with this sort of pharmaceuticals.
In people prone to or with hereditary type of breast cancer there is mutation or flaw in the genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA1 is a gene that produces a sort of proteins known as breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein. They are typically expressed in the cells of breast and some other organs. Anytime there is a harm to DNA of the cells in these organs BRCA1 promptly repairs this DNA damage or if it can not be repaired it kills the cells. Hence cancerous tumors are killed at the really early stage itself. The function of BRCA2 gene as well is more or less similar however the molecular structure is distinct. BRCA2 stands for Breast Cancer two susceptibility protein. It is key function is to fix the chromosomal damage and fix the breaks in the DNA structure. Hence it can be noticed that suitable functioning of these two genes are extremely essential to safeguard us against breast cancer. Anytime there is a flaw in these two genes which is mainly due to hereditary causes the man or woman is at a massive danger of contracting breast cancer.
In breast cancer tumors with BRCA mutation drugs that inhibit Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors cause double strand break in the cells. Mainly because of BRCA deficiency these cannot be repaired. This leads to the death of cancerous cells. Typical cells do not replicate the way cancer cells do so the usual cells are not affected by PARP inhibitors.
The same principle is applied by researchers to use PARP inhibitor to deal with tumors which do not have this genetic flaw but by artificially inducing such a genetic flaw. CDK1 or Cyclin dependent kinase one is a protein that is really essential in maintaining regular cell cycle method. It repairs any harm to the DNA of the cells. By blocking the CDK1 molecule the tumors are deprived of the DNA fix mechanism. When the topic is given PARP inhibitors the cancerous tumor was successfully shrunk. Researchers have properly treated lung cancer in rats using this method.
